Hallo allerseits!
Bitte entschuldigt meine umfangreiche Anfrage-ich befinde mich in einer Art Notsituation…
Findet sich unter Euch jemand, der so lieb wäre, mal kurz den englischen Text unten (Referat über Genmanipulation) zu überfliegen und mir Bescheid zu sagen, wo da noch Fehler sind?
…muss ich morgen in der Schule abgeben…
Würde mich echt riesig freuen!!
Liebe Grüße!
Lyra
Introduction
Genetic modification on plants, animals and humans is one of the greatest Threats to life on this planet.
Once into the environment inserted genes can not be fetched back.
The consequences, genetic modification may have on our environment and on us, as people living in this environment, are completely unknown, but highly risky.
++ aims of GM
+increase quality and quantity of the seed
- improve resistance
- to pesticides,
- diseases and
- pests (Schädlinge)
and in terms of - unfavourable (ungünstig) soil and
- unfortunate climatic effects.
- GE as a possibility to remove substances which cause allergies
Actually it already exist trade with plants as Soya, potato’s, crops, tomato’s and rape (Raps).
Control system
Before a GM-plant becomes authorised (zugelassen), regularly only
- the outward (äußere) appearance
- the content (Gehalt) of some nutrients (Nährtoffe) and toxic substances
is checked
This concept of “substantial equivalence” is completely based on arbitrary (Willkür).
It exists no list of substances which have to be measured.
But thanks the Novel-Food-Prescription there is a law which provides the marking of GM food since 1997
-
- riscs of GM
Especially in fields (Bereiche) with large-scale use of GM, a marking of the food is difficult:
- animal products (tierische Erzeugnisse) like
- meat,
- eggs,
- milk…
if the used feed was GM.
- many enzymes are produced under the influence of GM-micro-organisms and used in
-
washing powder,
-
the textile- and Paper-industry
and for the production of -
cheese,
-
bread, cake and pastries (Backwaren),
-
juice,
-
wine
-
glucose-syrup.
-
genetic technology, as one of the youngest technologies of our era, is not able to order the exact position of a gene, yet. So there exist a risk, that the inserted gene, for instance, positions in a place, where it destroys the function of an other important gene. GM is eminent for the unexpected effects it causes:
a) plants develop toxicity
b) plants cause new allergies
c) increase human resistance to antibiotics (several micro-organisms are made resistant to antibiotics for their use in laboratories) -
difficult to prove a relation between GM and the occurrence (Vorkommen) of several diseases because they may break out even generations later
-
the seed of GM plants spreads through the wind and therefore infects (infiziert) also neighbour fields and plants
-
GM often destroys the plant’s ability of reproduction (Fortpflanzung) with the consequence that the seed has to be bought every year again
-
the plants resistance to herbicides allows a large-scale use of chemical substances
It exists no law which provides (vorschreiben) the study of possible consequences of the GM.
95% of all students in this field (auf diesem Gebiet) work for the Gene-Industry –no independent studies
Example for a GE-catastrophy
StarLink by Aventis
-
StarLink by Aventis is a resistant GM corn
-
Cultivated (angebaut) in the USA since 1998
-
Produces the protein Cry9C
-
may cause allergies
-
Only authorised as feed for animals
-
in September 2000, StarLink was found in Taco-maize-chips and other groceries
-
more than 300 corn-products had been fetched back from the market
-
1 milliard US $ were used to remove StarLink of the human food chain
-
actually StarLink is not cultivated anywhere, but it may have infected other corn-seed
-
no one knows how StarLink got into the human food chain
-
Possibilities:
-
It mixed with normal corn by accident
-
It infected normal corn through the wind spread
-
Someone sold StarLink, knowing it was GM, to gain more money
-
in autumn 2002 StarLink was found in corn which was exported from the USA to Japan
To sum it up
-
GM is one of the greatest risks
-
it is a global issue
- consequences on the biosphere of the earth are irreversible
- every modified DNA gets earlier or later into the human organism (skin, air contact)
- GE follows the principle of Trial an Error
- people are playing a game with their own genotype (Erbgut) without any concept and any idea of security!